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|common_name = Vatican City |image_flag = Flag of the Vatican City.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of the Vatican City.svg |image_map = Location_of_the_Vatican_City_in_Europe.svg |map_caption = |national_anthem = |capital = |official_languages= Italian |religion = Roman Catholicism |latd=41 |latm=54.2 |latNS=N |longd=12 |longm=27.2 |longEW=E |coordinates_type= region:VA_type:country |coordinates_display= inline, title |government_type = Absolute monarchy,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Internet portal of Vatican City State )〕 ecclesiastical〔 and elective〔Gerhard Robbers (2006) (''Encyclopedia of World Constitutions'' ). Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-81606078-8. p. 1009〕 theocracy〔Nick Megoran (2009) ("Theocracy" ), p. 226 in ''International Encyclopedia of Human Geography'', vol. 11, Elsevier ISBN 978-0-08-044911-1〕 |leader_title1 = Sovereign |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = Secretary of State |leader_name2 = Pietro Parolin |leader_title3 = President of the Governorate |leader_name3 = Giuseppe Bertello〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/en/stato-e-governo/struttura-del-governatorato/organigramma/governatorato.html )〕 |legislature = Pontifical Commission |area_rank = 251st |area_magnitude = 1 E5 |area miles squared = .17 |area_ha = 44 |area_acre = 110 |population_estimate = 842〔 |population_estimate_rank = 251st |population_estimate_year = July 2014 |population_density_km2 = 1877 |population_density_sq_mi = 4859 |population_density_rank = 6th |Gini_year = |Gini_change = |Gini = |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = |HDI_change = |HDI = |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = |sovereignty_type = Independence |established_event1 = Lateran Treaty |established_date1 = 11 February 1929 |currency = Euro (€) |currency_code = EUR |country_code = V |time_zone = CET |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = CEST |utc_offset_DST = +2 |drives_on = right |calling_code = +379 |iso3166code = VA |sport_code = |vehicle_code = V〔(www.vatican.va ) Holy See Press Office — General Information. Retrieved 23 October 2009.〕 |cctld = .va }} Vatican City (; (イタリア語:Città del Vaticano) (:tʃitˈta ddel vatiˈkaːno); (ラテン語:Civitas Vaticana)), officially the Vatican City State (; ), is a walled enclave within the city of Rome. With an area of approximately 44 hectares (110 acres), and a population of 842,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Holy See (Vatican City) )〕 it is the smallest internationally recognized independent state in the world by both area and population. It is an ecclesiastical〔 or sacerdotal-monarchical〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Vatican City )〕 state ruled by the Bishop of Rome – the Pope. The highest state functionaries are all Catholic clergy of various national origins. Since the return of the Popes from Avignon in 1377, they have generally resided at the Apostolic Palace within what is now Vatican City, although at times residing instead in the Quirinal Palace in Rome or elsewhere. Vatican City is distinct from the Holy See (), which dates back to early Christianity and is the main episcopal see of 1.2 billion Latin and Eastern Catholic adherents around the globe. The independent city-state, on the other hand, came into existence in 1929 by the Lateran Treaty between the Holy See and Italy, which spoke of it as a new creation,〔 not as a vestige of the much larger Papal States (756–1870), which had previously encompassed much of central Italy. According to the terms of the treaty, the Holy See has "full ownership, exclusive dominion, and sovereign authority and jurisdiction" over the city-state.〔(Article 3 of the Lateran Treaty )〕 Within Vatican City are cultural sites such as St. Peter's Basilica, the Sistine Chapel and the Vatican Museums. They feature some of the world's most famous paintings and sculptures. The unique economy of Vatican City is supported financially by the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to museums, and the sale of publications. ==Name== The name was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city-state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. "Vatican" is likely to derive from the name of an Etruscan settlement, possibly called ''Vatica'' or ''Vaticum'', located in the general area the Romans called ''vaticanus ager'', "Vatican territory". The official Italian name of the city is ' or, more formally, ', meaning "Vatican City State". Although the Holy See (which is distinct from the Vatican City) and the Catholic Church use Ecclesiastical Latin in official documents, the Vatican City officially uses Italian. The Latin name is ''ラテン語:Status Civitatis Vaticanae'';〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Apostolic Constitution )〕 this is used in official documents by not just the Holy See, but in most official Church and Papal documents. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vatican City」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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